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CFD for the Built Environment – a critical & necessary step in Singapore’s Net Zero Journey
The Built Environment is at the junction of energy needs, policy and a changing climate. CFD can provide an accurate, meaningful insight into the dynamic relationship between the three.
Extensive urbanisation since the mid-1970s has led to Singapore rapidly heating up. According to the Meteorological Service Singapore, the island is warming up twice as fast as the rest of the world, at 0.25 °C per decade.
Last year (2023) was the fourth warmest year on record for Singapore, tied with 1997 and 2015. At the Changi climate station, the last nine months of the year saw above average temperatures, with record-breaking temperatures in May and October
Singapore’s equatorial climate necessitates air-conditioning in almost 99% of condominiums
A standard 2 kW AC unit, switched on for 8 hours a day for 20 days a month, to cool a 20 m2 room, produces 1.4 tonnes of carbon emissions annually. Four such AC units, in a home, will generate about 5.6 tonnes of carbon emissions annually.
Singapore faces the dual problem of increasing energy consumption and increasing carbon emissions. It also impacts the island nation’s energy security.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool available to today’s designers in the AEC sector, to help them make the right energy-efficient choices, ahead of time, throughout the lifetime of the asset.
Complex systems involving fluid flow phenomena are commonly found along the energy value chain. CFD is a tool that can be used to predict fluid flow phenomena using numerical algorithms.
Various combinations of HVAC systems, microclimatic conditions (wind direction, wind load etc), shading, occupancy levels etc, can be simulated, providing AEC professionals with usable results.
Today’s commercial CFD solutions, can model thermal comfort and internal air quality for different occupancy levels while considering planned HVAC capacity and different ventilation schemes.
CFD is a powerful tool available to today’s designers in the AEC sector, helping them to make the right energy-efficient choices ahead of time.
This will help Singapore achieve the goals of reduced emissions to 60 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030, Net Zero emissions by 2050 and Improved Energy Security
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